Ideal Product Research Articles

Responding to consumer environmental awareness: A variational inequality approach to green manufacturing optimization

In response to increasing consumer environmental awareness, our study introduces a sustainable supply chain optimization model that stimulates competition among multiple green manufacturers within an uncertain market context. Each manufacturer crafts a selection of products showcasing various degrees of greenness, purposefully designed to meet the expanding demand of environmentally conscious consumers. This strategic model emphasizes profit maximization for green manufacturers, necessitating the definition of ideal greenness levels and production quantities for an array of product types. By employing variational inequality theory, we transmute the preliminary optimization model into an interconnected variational inequality problem. We propose an improved Euler algorithm, a proficient tool for attaining equilibrium solutions. Empirical scenarios inspired by the electric vehicle industry lend credibility to our model, indicating that the surge in consumer environmental awareness compels manufacturers to diversify their offerings and accentuate their products’ greenness levels. Intriguingly, the research suggests that escalating competition can incentivize manufacturers to elevate their products’ greenness levels, strategically countering potential profit erosion. In addition, the study reveals that intensifying consumers’ green utility sensitivity doesn’t invariably augment demand for manufacturers, even with significant improvements in product greenness. This paradox highlights the necessity for manufacturers to strategically adjust their production approaches in light of varying consumer preferences. Moreover, when the level of consumer environmental awareness achieves a certain level, the fierce competition might not always be harmful to some manufacturers and the industry if they can adopt effective strategies to improve green utility sensitivity.

Properties of the ideal-intersection graph of the ring Zn

In this paper we study properties of the ideal-intersection graph of the ring Zn. The graph of ideal intersections is a simple graph in which the vertices are non-zero ideals of the ring, and two vertices (ideals) are adjacent if their intersection is also a non-zero ideal of the ring. These graphs can be referred to as the intersection scheme of equivalence classes (See: Laxman Saha, Mithun Basak Kalishankar Tiwary “Metric dimension of ideal-intersection graph of the ring Zn” [1] ).In this article we prove that the triameter of graph is equal to six or less than six. We also describe maximal clique of the ideal-intersection graph of the ring Zn. We prove that the chromatic number of this graph is equal to the sum of the number of elements in the zero equivalence class and the class with the largest number of element. In addition, we demonstrate that eccentricity is equal to 1 or it is equal to 2. And in the end we describe the central vertices in the ideal-intersection graph of the ring Zn.

Ideals and Homomorphism Theorems of Fuzzy Associative Algebras

Based on the definitions of fuzzy associative algebras and fuzzy ideals, it is proven that the intersections of fuzzy subalgebras are fuzzy subalgebras, and the intersections of fuzzy ideals are fuzzy ideals. Moreover, we prove that the kernels of fuzzy homomorphisms are fuzzy ideals. Using fuzzy ideals, the quotient structures of fuzzy associative algebras are constructed, their corresponding properties are discussed, and their homomorphism theorems are proven.

Hadamard Product of Monomial Ideals and the Hadamard Package

In this paper, we generalize and study the concept of Hadamard product of ideals of projective varieties to the case of monomial ideals. We have a research direction similar to the one of the join of monomial ideals contained in a paper of Sturmfels and Sullivant. In the second part of the paper, we give a brief tutorial on the Hadamard.m2 package of Macaulay2.

Proposing an Innovative Method for Predicting Optimum Wind Generator Output

Renewable energy sources offer environmental benefits and a more consistent supply, making them essential for integrating into energy fusions. Network operators have challenges with intermittent and stochastic power sources like wind power owing to their fluctuating production. This study presents an innovative method for predicting wind turbine power output, from any location in a vast region with high efficiency. To ensure a representative sample of geographical locations, the research region is divided into a grid and sampled accordingly. The ideal production times for each sub-area are discovered and utilized to anticipate electricity output. It uses the LSTM model to predict meteorological data and the linear model to approximate wind turbine power curves. The sub-area showed one-day wind speed, direction, and power projections clustering scores. Wind and directional predictions yielded RMSE (0.35m\sec, 7.9rad) and R2 (94%, 71%) scores.

Optimum tack coat rate for different asphalt geosynthetic interlayers to achieve optimum shear bond strength

Designing geosynthetics for asphalt overlay is challenging due to the diversity of paving composites and paving geogrids available on the market. Challenges remains on the ideal product and tack coat to avoid debonding failure and to increase bonding quality. This research evaluates interface shear strength properties of geosynthetic-asphalt concrete specimens using seven geosynthetic interlayers tested under different tack coat rates based on asphalt retention of geosynthetics. Leutner shear tests were conducted on laboratory-prepared asphalt concrete specimens under different interface combinations. Index asphalt retention of paving geosynthetics depended on various parameters including geosynthetics type, geotextile backing, thickness and coating. The study suggests 100% of asphalt retention of the composite as design tack rate for paving geocomposites and paving geogrid composites with permanent porous fabric backing, while 220% asphalt retention as tack coat rate is suggested for geogrids. The optimum tack coat for reinforcement composites with light fabric backing falls between the optimum tack coat rates for composites and grids. The study also showed that the interface shear bond is a complex property and is not necessarily related to the fabric backing being permanent or temporary, the mass of the fabric backing, and the geosynthetics coating type and bitumen content individually.

On André-Quillen homology and complete intersection ideals

We establish new characterizations of complete intersection ideals in Cohen-Macaulay local rings as a byproduct of our investigation on a certain André-Quillen homology vector space in connection to the vanishing of (finitely many) Ext modules over a suitable quasi-deformation. Along the way, by means of (co)homology vanishing, we also detect criteria for quasi-complete intersection ideals.

Analysis comparison model of ROC-TOPSIS, ROC-WP, and ROC-Electre methods for supporting the funding decision to micro-enterprises Indonesia

Micro-business is an essential business unit that supports the economies of countries in the world, including Indonesia. Unfortunately, micro-entrepreneurs often find difficulties to obtain financial assistance from government to develop their businesses. In Indonesia, the smallest number of micro industries can be found in West Papua Province, where one of the underdeveloped areas in the province is the Sorong City. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the application of decision support methods in selecting micro-enterprises in Sorong that are eligible for business funding. The decision support method chosen is the collaboration between the Rank-Order Centroid (ROC) method, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Weight Product (WP), and Elimination Et Choix Traduisant la Realite (Electre). With the analysis conducted on 10 samples of micro-enterprises in Sorong City, it was found that the micro-enterprises that were most eligible to receive assistance is Raya Helm based on ROC-TOPSIS, ROC-WP, and ROC-Electre. Then, sensitivity analysis results the ROC-Electre as the best method with the highest sensitivity percentage. Therefore, the implementation of these methods for supporting the funding decision to micro-enterprises in Sorong was successfully carried out with the output being the micro-enterprise rating results.

Renewable natural gas: A case study of Minnesota

Renewable natural gas (RNG) often generates usable energy from waste products, reduces methane emissions, and creates new revenue streams. However, not all RNG projects are financially or technically feasible. We assessed the total RNG potential of currently available local waste feedstocks in the state of Minnesota and analyzed the financial and technical limitations for project development. We found that under ideal production conditions the RNG potential from municipal solid waste, dairy and hog farm manure, and municipal wastewater solids in the state could replace approximately 7.5% of current Minnesota natural gas use. We find that technical and financial factors such as project size, financing, and distance to an existing pipeline further reduce the number of feasible RNG project sites in Minnesota. Virtual pipelines – trucking RNG short distances to pipeline injection stations – improved the modeled profitability of 124 out of 175 projects (71%) by decreasing transmission costs. No projects are financially feasible without state or federal renewable fuel credit programs because direct sale of RNG alone does not cover project costs. Dairy manure projects have the lowest levelized cost of energy, the highest total revenue, and the shortest payback period compared to municipal solid waste landfill and wastewater treatment plant projects of similar size. This difference is because manure anaerobic digestion projects are eligible for larger credits under renewable fuel credit programs than municipal solid waste landfills and wastewater treatment plants, but this credit system limits end-use of the RNG to vehicle fuel. Our contribution helps provide an outline for the magnitude of current natural gas use in Minnesota replaceable via RNG projects.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Illicium verum extract: Optimization and characterization for biomedical applications

Abstract The synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles is currently experiencing substantial development and considerable attention. Plant extracts are commonly used for the biological synthesis of nanoparticles because they contain biologically active constituents. In our present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using an aqueous Illicium verum (Star anise) extract to evaluate their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities. For maximum yields of AgNPs, the extract (2.5 ml), silver ions (500 µM), and pH (8) were shown to be the ideal nanoparticle production parameters. The visual colour shifted from pale brown to dark brown when the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was used to validate the synthesis of AgNPs. A transmission electron microscope was utilized to evaluate nanoparticles’ physical nature. The presence of silver metal with face-centred cubic symmetry was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the functional groups in charge of reducing silver ions (Ag+) and the stability of AgNPs produced using the I. verum aqueous extract. The agar well diffusion method investigated the antibacterial activity of I. verum silver nanoparticles (Iv-AgNPs) against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. At higher doses (100 µg·mL−1), the highest zone of inhibition was observed, and spherical AgNPs demonstrated the antibacterial activity. The I. verum extract and Iv-AgNPs enhanced (70%) their free radical scavenging activity at 500 µg·mL−1 according to the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of Iv-AgNPs against the HCT-116 human colon cancer cell line indicated cell inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. Ultimately, the findings of this study indicate that techniques used to produce AgNPs are environmental friendly, cost-effective, harmless, uncomplicated, and can effectively tackle a broad spectrum of medical and nutritional concerns.

Power detection over number fields

We describe an algorithm that, given an integral ideal A \mathfrak {A} in a number field  K K , finds the largest integer k ⩾ 1 k\geqslant 1 such that A \mathfrak {A} is a k k -th power, and at the same time computes the ideal B \mathfrak {B} such that A = B k \mathfrak {A} = \mathfrak {B}^k . This algorithm does not require the complete factorization of A \mathfrak {A} into a product of prime ideals; given the maximal order Z K \mathbb {Z}_K , we prove that it has polynomial time complexity. We apply this algorithm to the reduction of elements of K ∗ K^* modulo k k -th powers.

Development of an application prototype for nutritional supplements of beef cattle in the dry season aimed for rural producers

During the dry season of the year, tropical grasses have low nutritional value and protein content lower than the minimum value of 7.0% in dry matter so that microorganisms can use the fibrous energy substrates of ingested fodder. The viability of beef cattle directly depends on the economy at scale, as it operates with ever-lower profit margins. As animal performance in these conditions becomes unsatisfactory, it is recommended to supply supplements, always considering the technical-economic point of view. Thus, we performed the correction of the nutritional deficiencies of the pasture via supplementation allowing the continuity or even better performances, allowing the reduction of the production cycle and the age of slaughter of the animals. Thus, the search for the reduction of production costs should depend not only on the lower cost of food, but also on systems, structures or even simple and objective applications that allow the producer to choose the best supplement. Thus, this dissertation aims to develop an application prototype for nutritional supplements of beef cattle in the dry season aimed at rural producers a program of easy access, which with little information collected in the field, will provide an ideal product with the correct formulation and necessary for the proper maintenance and continuity of production of the animals.

A deep-well plate enabled automated high-throughput cell line development platform.

Cell line development (CLD) plays a crucial role in the manufacturing process development of therapeutic biologics. Most biologics are produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell. Because of the nature of random transgene integration in CHO genome and CHO's inherent plasticity, stable CHO transfectants usually have a vast diversity in productivity, growth, and product quality. Thus, we often must resort to screening a large number of cell pools and clones to increase the probability of identifying the ideal production cell line, which is a very laborious and resource-demanding process. Here we have developed a deep-well plate (DWP) enabled high throughput (DEHT) CLD platform using 24-well DWP (24DWP), liquid handler, and other automation components. This platform has capabilities covering the key steps of CLD including cell passaging, clone imaging and expansion, and fed-batch production. We are the first to demonstrate the suitability of 24DWP for CLD by confirming minimal well-to-well and plate-to-plate variability and the absence of well-to-well cross contamination. We also demonstrated that growth, production, and product quality of 24DWP cultures were comparable to those of conventional shake flask cultures. The DEHT platform enables scientists to screen five times more cultures than the conventional CLD platform, thus significantly decreases the resources needed to identify an ideal production cell line for biologics manufacturing.

About the published content on each section

The inaugural theme of scopio Magazine AAI – Vol. 1 centered around Utopia explored this concept from various angles and perspectives in each section, which involved integrating and reevaluating utopian ideas within different fields of study.
 The separate sections allowed for the investigation of broader societal concerns, encouraging interdisciplinary discussions across realms such as Architecture, Public Space, Cities, Territories, Technology, Digital Media, Sustainable and Inclusive Environments, and Civic Engagement.
 Thus, starting with Visual Spaces of Change[1] section we have the Visual Essay of James Smith “Temporal Dislocation” that navigates the dialectical tension between the destruction and renewal of our relationship with landscapes, both contemporary and historical, and the intricacies of activities evident within constructed environments. The photography series highlights the cyclicality of the natural world after human intervention and is driven by a significant phenomenological intent that bridges the gap between the photographer's deliberate framing and the casual viewer's passive encounter with these constructed landscapes. The photograph becomes a subtle language inviting viewers to reevaluate the ostensibly banal and ubiquitous.
 In the same section, Lorenzo Iannizzotto presents us with “Urban Wilderness: A Journey through Lisbon Terrain Vague”, a Visual Essay that embraces the fragmentary and uncertain nature of the spaces known as "Terrain Vague" or "Urban Voids". The author uses photography as a means of urban exploration to gain insight into and describe these areas, and his visual essay depict these spaces in a haphazard and fragmentary manner, respecting in this way their inherent characteristics. In doing so, the work reveals the hidden beauty of those spaces and highlights the substantial potential they hold for the city.
 In the section Invisibility[2], we have the paper “Rite of the Waters: procession through the Campanhã Washhouses” of Chloé Darmon and Gabriela Manfredini, which addresses the hidden aspects of women's work, particularly the undervaluation of domestic labor and the neglect of public washhouses as historical spaces for women. The research combines insights into the history of Porto's washhouses, the connection between domestic labor and performance art, and multidisciplinary work in fine arts and architecture. The Des/oriente project unites these areas, leading to a performance in three washhouses that revitalized these spaces, exploring narratives around domestic work and restoring them as communal meeting places.
 In the section Architecture, Urbanism and Technology [3], David Viana, Telma Ribeiro and Jorge Maia write the article “SI3 for urban resilience: a human-nature driven paradigm shift” that introduces the concept of SI3 (Social, Environmental, and Technological Inclusive and Innovative Solutions) for enhancing urban resilience. The article emphasizes the urgent need for a paradigm shift in our relations with each other and the built environment due to environmental challenges and climate change. It is pointed out, on the one hand, that this shift requires immediate action to reduce the impact of daily activities on the planet's resources and adapt to the accelerating changes in natural systems. On the other hand, that working with existing urban environments to build resilience involves active community engagement, co-creation, and data-driven approaches. The article underscores the importance of connecting SI3 with everyday places and activities to ensure the sustainable operation of the "spaceship Earth" for future generations, making it a tangible and achievable goal.
 In the section Utopia, Inês Nascimento writes the paper “Exploring Radical Pedagogies: Utopia (H)As The Future In Architectural Education” pointing out how architectural education finds itself at a crucial crossroads, requiring innovative approaches to adapt to evolving sociocultural contexts. The article explores the nexus between radicalism and utopia in architectural education, taking into account the pioneering experiments of the 1960s and 1970s. These experiments, marked by their critical, revolutionary, reformist, and transgressive nature, often had utopia at their core and this study seeks to revive these concepts, emphasizing their relevance and potential. The study introduces the concept of a "Utopian Lens" to categorize and analyze a range of case studies, identifying utopia as a driving force manifesting in diverse forms and principles within radical pedagogical approaches. The research provides valuable insights into the interplay of radicalism and utopia, shedding light on recurring patterns and contributing to ongoing research in the field.
 In the section Rethinking Civic Engagement, José Carlos Mota and Alexandra Ataíde are the authors of the paper “Civic Innovation in Portugal: The potential and limitations of citizen labs to experiment new urban futures” that addresses democracy challenges in Portugal, including citizens' disengagement from decision-making and declining trust in politics. They point out that despite low voter turnout and increased radicalization, there is a growing interest in participatory initiatives. The research underscores the potential of collaborative efforts between citizens and communities, serving as valuable platforms for resource mapping, knowledge integration, and low-risk social transformations. Their bottom-linked approach shows promise in civic labs' governance models, compared to top-down institutional or bottom-up community-based approaches.
 In the section Research, Gabriela Vaz-Pinheiro writes the article “From address to outcome, a proposal for discussing research in the art academia towards the idea of a critical landscape” that explores student involvement in actions related to landscape and knowledge, generating research processes. Landscape is approached dynamically and critically, transcending limited rural or urban descriptions and knowledge is seen as a collective process, empowering students in research and analysis. While not aiming to provide definitive answers, the text raises questions about evolving practices in art and academia, like trans or post-medial practices. It questions how academic research in the art field can navigate these contradictions and differentiate between practice-based and practice-led research. Ultimately, it ponders whether academia remains a space for utopian aspirations.
 In the section Pedagogy, Sofia Marques da Silva writes the article “The built environment and public spaces informing teaching and learning” that investigates how contemporary education extends beyond traditional settings, encompassing diverse learning environments, including digital networks, social media, and urban landscapes. The author points out that this shift prompts us to explore what constitutes education beyond the classroom and reminds us how Gert Biesta highlighted to the fact that educational places can havie clear purposes and intentions that manifest in non-traditional contexts through situated learning. This gives force to the idea that public spaces and the built environment offer students unique learning opportunities. The article aligns with critical pedagogy, emphasizing the importance of everyday experiences and questioning institutional power, examining how students engage with and reshape these spaces, emphasizing the educational significance of spatial configurations. Case studies are presented that explore cultures emerging from these interactions, spanning school spaces, urban communities, and contributions from urban artists.
 In the section Featured texts, Research papers or Projects, Peter Bennett presents us with the series “An Ideal for Living” that explores the convergence of photography and computer-generated imagery (CGI) in portraying the future urban landscape. It closely examines London's ongoing urban redevelopment, shedding light on how architecture serves as both a visual narrative and a construction process. The image editing in this series subtly not only mirrors CGI's influence but also crafts a dystopian urban future hanging in the balance. These visuals provide a sneak peek into an unsettling time and space that already envelops us. They convey the unspoiled freshness of new buildings while hinting at the inevitable impact of time. "An Ideal for Living" aims to archive a simulated memory of the city's evolution.
 In the section Exhibitions / Reviews, Alexander García Düttmann presents us with the critical review “STONEHENGE UFO” which is focused on James Smith work published in this volume.  Düttmann points out, besides other things, how the distinctive images of Smith aren't solely defined by the objects captured, but by the angle's transformative power, where time and space intertwine, blurring past and future and the photography becomes evidence of the impossible, an enigmatic testimony that retains art's essence.
 Finally, it can be said that across all sections, a common thread of utopian ideals weaves through various fields and perspectives, each offering a unique lens to explore and redefine the notion of utopia itself. Utopia, often depicted as an idyllic and unattainable dream, takes on diverse forms and meanings within these sections. Then, we can also perceive how the overarching theme of change unites these sections. Whether through visual transformations, reevaluating women's roles, embracing technological shifts, reimagining education, or fostering civic engagement, change is a constant. Utopia and change together represent an enduring human quest for a better, more harmonious future, expressed in various forms across these sections, each offering a distinctive perspective on the intersection of utopian ideals and the ever-evolving landscapes of our world.[1] The Editors responsible for this section are José Carneiro and Pedro Leão Neto[2] The Editor responsible for this section is Mário Mesquita[3] The Editor responsible for this section is David Viana

N-absorbing ideal factorization in commutative rings

In this article, we show that Mori domains, pseudo-valuation domains, and n-absorbing ideals, the three seemingly unrelated notions in commutative ring theory, are interconnected. In particular, we prove that an integral domain R is a Mori locally pseudo-valuation domain if and only if each proper ideal of R is a finite product of 2-absorbing ideals of R. Moreover, every ideal of a Mori locally almost pseudo-valuation domain can be written as a finite product of 3-absorbing ideals. To provide concrete examples of such rings, we study rings of the form A + XB [ X ] where A is a subring of a commutative ring B and X is indeterminate, which is of independent interest, and along with several characterization theorems, we prove that in such a ring, each proper ideal is a finite product of n-absorbing ideals for some n ≥ 2 if and only if A ⊆ B is essentially a finite product of field extensions. A complete description of when an order of a quadratic number field is a locally pseudo valuation domain, a locally almost pseudo valuation domain or a locally conducive domain is given.

Highly Efficient Photocatalytic H2O2 Production over a Zn0.3Cd0.7S/MXene Photocatalyst for Degradation of Emerging Pollutants under Visible-Light Irradiation.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an ideal green product with a broad range of applications, and visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2O2 production is deemed a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy. Herein, various ZnxCd1-xS/MXene photocatalysts with a Schottky junction were prepared for photocatalytic H2O2 production. The obtained Zn0.3Cd0.7S/MXene (ZCM-0.3) hybrid presented the highest photocatalytic H2O2 production rate in pure neutral water of 1160 μmol h-1 g-1, which was further improved to 2178.58 μmol h-1 g-1 in the presence of isopropanol as the sacrificial reagent. The experimental results demonstrated that the sufficient visible-light-harvesting ability and appropriate conduction band potential of the Zn0.3Cd0.7S solid solution, the excellent conductivity and two-electron selectivity of MXene, and the construction of Schottky junctions at the Zn0.3Cd0.7S/MXene interface resulted in the fast transfer and separation of the photogenerated charge carriers and the targeted reduction of oxygen to H2O2. The photocatalytic mechanism for H2O2 production was studied and proposed. Moreover, a simple photo-Fenton system consisting of ZnxCd1-xS/MXene and ferrous ions (Fe2+) was constructed and applied for the degradation of various emerging pollutants, which also performed effectively and exhibited universality across different pollutants. Overall, this study presents a novel and useful strategy to convert solar energy into chemical energy through efficient H2O2 production and provides an effective alternative for the degradation of emerging pollutants.

Regular Ideals, Ideal Intersections, and Quotients

Let B⊆A\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$B \\subseteq A$$\\end{document} be an inclusion of C∗\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$C^*$$\\end{document}-algebras. We study the relationship between the regular ideals of B and regular ideals of A. We show that if B⊆A\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$B \\subseteq A$$\\end{document} is a regular C∗\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$C^*$$\\end{document}-inclusion and there is a faithful invariant conditional expectation from A onto B, then there is an isomorphism between the lattice of regular ideals of A and invariant regular ideals of B. We study properties of inclusions preserved under quotients by regular ideals. This includes showing that if D⊆A\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$D \\subseteq A$$\\end{document} is a Cartan inclusion and J is a regular ideal in A, then D/(J∩D)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$D/(J\\cap D)$$\\end{document} is a Cartan subalgebra of A/J. We provide a description of regular ideals in the reduced crossed product of a C∗\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$^*$$\\end{document}-algebra by a discrete group.

3D and 2D-QSAR Studies on Natural Flavonoids for Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity

Background: Nitric oxide (NO), an important second messenger molecule, regulates numerous physiological responses, while excessive NO generates negative effects on the circulatory, nervous and immune systems. Recently, some natural flavonoids were reported to possess the capability of inhibiting LPS-induced NO production. To fully understand the nature of their own NO inhibitory activity, it is necessary to address the structural requirements of flavonoids as NO inhibitors. Objective: The objective of this work was to develop efficient QSAR models for predicting the NOinhibitory activity of new flavonoids and improving insights into the critical properties of the chemical structures that were required for the ideal NO production inhibitory activities. Methods: To provide insights into the structural basis of flavonoids as NO inhibitors, 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) and 2D-QSAR models were developed on a dataset of 55 flavonoids using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) and hologram quantitative structure-activity relationship (HQSAR) approaches. method: CoMFA, CoMSIA combining HQSAR methods were employed on a series of flavonoids to generate 3D and 2D-QSAR models. Results: The statistically significant models for CoMFA, CoMSIA and HQSAR resulted in crossvalidated coefficient (q2) values of 0.523, 0.572 and 0.639, non-cross-validated coefficient (r2) values of 0.793, 0.828 and 0.852, respectively. The robustness of these models was further affirmed using a test set of 18 compounds, which resulted in predictive correlation coefficients (r2 pred) of 0.968, 0.954 and 0.906. Furthermore, the models-derived contour maps were appraised for activity trends for the molecules analyzed. result: Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA), Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA) combining hologram quantitative structure-activity relationship (HQSAR) methods were employed on a series of flavonoids to generate 3D and 2D-QSAR models. Result: The obtained models can be used to predict the activities of new flavonoids and identify the key structural features affecting the NO inhibitory activities. Conclusion: The 3D and 2D-QSAR models constructed in this paper were efficient in estimating the NO inhibitory activities of flavonoids and facilitating the design of flavonoid-derived NO production inhibitors. other: none

Oxygen absorption/desorption behaviors of Sr0.72Ca0.28Fe1-xAlxO3-δ perovskite oxygen sorbents for air separation

Perovskite-type oxides are extensively studied as oxygen sorbents in pressure swing adsorption (PSA) for air separation at elevated temperatures. However, quantitative analysis of desorption kinetics and the basis of material optimization are rarely reached on a fixed bed. In this study, the effects of Al doping on the oxygen absorption/desorption behaviors of Sr0.72Ca0.28Fe1-xAlxO3-δ (SCFA, x = 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1) were investigated by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and fixed bed absorption/desorption experiments. The desorption kinetics were analyzed by a Geometrical contraction model. O2-TPD results show that Al doping reduces the total absorption amount of Sr0.72Ca0.28FeO3-δ (SCF). Through the peak-differentiation-imitating analysis, it was found that the SCFA series materials have three different oxygen desorption sites, and the desorption peak area and temperature corresponding to each site are different. CO2-TPD results reveal that Al doping improves the CO2 resistance of the perovskite oxides. Compared with SCF, Al doped materials show enhanced equilibrium oxygen absorption capacity at temperature higher than 550 °C. The oxygen desorption rates of SCFA series were calculated by fitting the desorption curves with Geometrical contraction model (R2). Both initial oxygen desorption concentration and oxygen desorption rate constants increase with temperature but decrease with the Al doping amount. The similar apparent activation energies of the desorption rate constant of the SCFA series reveal that the desorption mechanism not changes with Al doping. Ideal oxygen production rate, equaling to the multiplication of equilibrium oxygen absorption capacity and the desorption rate constant, is suggested to evaluate the performance of an oxygen sorbent. The x = 0.03 sample shows the highest ideal oxygen production rate among the SCFA series.

Highly selective photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH4 on electron‐rich Fe species cocatalyst under visible light irradiation

AbstractEfficient photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to high‐calorific‐value CH4, an ideal target product, is a blueprint for C1 industry relevance and carbon neutrality, but it also faces great challenges. Herein, we demonstrate unprecedented hybrid SiC photocatalysts modified by Fe‐based cocatalyst, which are prepared via a facile impregnation‐reduction method, featuring an optimized local electronic structure. It exhibits a superior photocatalytic carbon‐based products yield of 30.0 µmol g−1 h−1 and achieves a record CH4 selectivity of up to 94.3%, which highlights the effectiveness of electron‐rich Fe cocatalyst for boosting photocatalytic performance and selectivity. Specifically, the synergistic effects of directional migration of photogenerated electrons and strong π‐back bonding on low‐valence Fe effectively strengthen the adsorption and activation of reactants and intermediates in the CO2 → CH4 pathway. This study inspires an effective strategy for enhancing the multielectron reduction capacity of semiconductor photocatalysts with low‐cost Fe instead of noble metals as cocatalysts.